Titanium Alloys in Medical Implants: Properties, Applications, and Surface Treatments
Introduction
Titanium alloys have revolutionized medical implant technology. Their strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility make them the preferred material for orthopedic and dental implants.
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Titanium Grades in Medicine
| Alloy | Standard | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Ti Grade 2 (CP) | ISO 5832-2 | Dental implants, surgical mesh |
| Ti-6Al-4V | ISO 5832-3 | Hip/knee joints, orthopedic |
| Ti-6Al-7Nb | ISO 5832-11 | Spinal implants, trauma plates |
| Ti-15Mo | ISO 5832-14 | Stents, orthodontic wires |
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Properties Comparison
| Property | Ti-6Al-4V | 316L SS | Cortical Bone |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic Modulus (GPa) | 110 | 193 | 17-30 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 930 | 550 | 130-180 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 860 | 240 | — |
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Surface Treatments
| Treatment | Effect | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma Spray (HA) | Enhanced bone bonding | Hip stems |
| Acid Etching | Micro-rough surface | Dental implants |
| Sandblasting | Macro-rough surface | Orthopedic implants |
| TiN Coating | Hard gold surface | Surgical instruments |
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CNC Machining Considerations
- Cutting Speed: 50-70% slower than steel
- Tool Material: Carbide or PCD tools
- Coolant: High-pressure essential
- Tolerance: ±0.01mm for medical implants
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